A Simplified Essay on the Formation of the Universe and its Ulitimate Fate

This essay is for the people who are curios about how the universe we share came to be? and what will happen to it in the future, will it stay like this forever?, or will it come to an end?, while there is no exact Answer to these questions, there are some really interesting theories that the scientific community believes to be true.

Currently there is one established theory on how the universe was formed, and is confirmed by several accurate scientific observations. as some of you know already this is called the Big Bang theory, in its simplest for it just means that before the beginning of time some 13.7 Billion years ago, there was this one point that concentrated all the things that we see within our universe now, and it exploded to give birth to our universe, but lets not stop there, I will now explain what scientists believe might have happened during this Explosion of Creation.

History of Big Bang Theory

Before we get in to more details on what happened during and immediately after the big bang, its wise to know how this theory was formed. It all started in 1912 when the Astronomer Vesto Silpher made the first calculation of Doppler shift* of a Spiral Nebula and he discovered that it was moving Rapidly away from us, this was the first indication of a expanding universe. but it was not taken very seriously until Alexander Freidmann formulated the Freidman Equation (Derived from Einsteins Equations of General Relativity), and Edwin Hubble Also confirmed that All the galaxies are moving away from our own galaxy at an alarming speed, so the question emerged on how did the Galaxies go this velocity, it was then suggested that at one time all the matter of the universe was condensed to a single place and form there the universe started expanding. the one discovery that sealed Big Bang theory as the best model for our universe was the Prediction of a Cosmic Microwave Background** in 1948 by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, and the eventual Discovery of CMB using scientific Methods in 1968.

*Doppler Shift : Doppler Shift is the change in frequency and wavelength of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the waves, because light also travel in waves Doppler shift also applies to light, so if a light emitting object in this case the spiral Nebula is moving away from us its light appears to be Shifted toward the Red Spectrum, its called a Red Shift

** Cosmic Microwave Background : It was Predicted in Big Bang Theory when the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was smaller, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from its red-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe got cool enough, stable atoms could form. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. The photons that were around at that time have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the exact same photons fill a larger and larger universe. This is the source for the term relic radiation, another name for the CMBR. It was Observed Scientifically in 1968 thus confirming the Big Bang Theory.

Time line of the Big Bang

Here us a Graphical Time line of the Big Bang and the formation of the Universe with Descriptions of the each Epoch. it is much easier to understand it this way, The Representation continues until the dawn of the era we currently live in called as the Stelliferouse era at an estimated 13.7 Billion Years old.



Expansion of the Universe in Graphical form, WMAP(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) Satellite marks the Current Era we live in



End of the Universe

There are Many Theories Regarding How the Universe will End, Most Notable of these are :

• Heat Death Of the Universe

Heat Death is When the Universe Runs out of Energy and Simply Freeze for ever. this Theory suggests that the universe will continue to expand forever but in about 300 Trillion years there will be no source of Energy in our universe (All stars Exhausted their Fuel and even all the Black holes are evaporated due to Hawking Radiation), and the Universe will no longer be able to sustain life or any activity what so ever, it will be in the Absolute darkness and Absolute Cold (0 K) Forever.

Here is the Graphical Representation of the Heat Death of Our Universe Starting From the Big Bang

• Big Rip

in the past it was believed that the expanding of the universe will eventually slow down and the universe will either stop expanding or Collapse again to be reborn with a new Big Bang, but the Discovery of a type of Energy called Dark Energy changed that all, Dark Energy Literary means we cant see it, but we can detect its presence using equipments, it is believed that this Dark Energy is actually accelerating the expansion of the universe and at one point in the distant future the Gravity wont be strong enough to hold the ever expanding matter, This is a breakdown of what will happen During the Big Rip.

• First, the galaxies would be separated from each other. Arguably, this is what is happening right now, with galaxies that move outside the observable universe (approximately 46.5 billion light years away).
• About 60 million years before the end, gravity would be too weak to hold the Milky Way and other individual galaxies together.
• Approximately three months before the end, the Solar system will be gravitationally unbound.
• In the last minutes, stars and planets will be torn apart,
• and an instant before the end, atoms will be destroyed.

The Theories about the End of the Universe are the Subject of Much speculation, unlike the Big Bang theory. but one thing is sure, Nothing is forever even our universe will come to an end in a finite amount of time.

I hope you learned something from this essay, if you have any questions please don't hesitate to ask.

Please Look at these Links for further reading, they are very Technical but still are very Interesting stuff.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Rip

Thank you for reading.

Damn this article must be Really Boring LMAO, too bad i spent hours writing it