How is kidney disease diagnosed?
In Sri Lanka, three simple tests are used to help detect kidney disease – Glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure and urinalysis.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): This is a useful method to determine kidney function; it tells us how well our kidneys work to remove waste products from the blood. The higher the GFR level the better; GFR lower than 60 mg/ml is an indicator of kidney disease. GFR is calculated based on the results of a blood test for serum creatinine and factors in gender and age. High blood levels of creatinine and urea suggest kidney disease. More Sophisticated test called Bio impedance is a useful follow up test to monitor progress.
Blood pressure: High blood pressure is a cause, result and an indicator of kidney disease. A blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher is referred to as high blood pressure.
Urine tests: This test checks for the presence of protein, blood and other components in urine. Normally, protein and blood cells are not present in urine. Having protein in urine is one of the earliest signs of kidney disease. For those that have diabetes, microalbumin levels in urine should be determined.
Based on these basic screening tests, if there are any signs of kidney disease, then patients are referred to a nephrologist – a kidney disease specialist. Special imaging tests or biopsies can be performed if necessary to help determine the cause of the kidney problem. The nephrologist will then evaluate and prescribe medications or lifestyle changes to help slow the progression of the disease.
